Merge pull request #22 from quexxon/apply-zig-fmt

Apply `zig fmt` to exercises and generate remaining patch files

exercises/01_hello.zig

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // Oh no! This program is supposed to print "Hello world!" but it needs
 // your help!
 //
-// 
+//
 // Zig functions are private by default but the main() function should
 // be public.
 //
@@ -19,4 +19,3 @@ const std = @import("std");
 fn main() void {
     std.debug.print("Hello world!\n", .{});
 }
-

exercises/03_assignment.zig

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 //     const bar: u16 = 2000;
 //
 // You can do just about any combination of these that you can think of:
-// 
+//
 //     u32 can hold 0 to 4,294,967,295
 //     i64 can hold −9,223,372,036,854,775,808 to 9,223,372,036,854,775,807
 //
@@ -47,5 +47,5 @@ pub fn main() void {
     // is a string. The string may contain placeholders '{}', and the
     // second parameter is an "anonymous list literal" (don't worry
     // about this for now!) with the values to be printed.
-    std.debug.print("{} {} {}\n", .{n, pi, negative_eleven});
+    std.debug.print("{} {} {}\n", .{ n, pi, negative_eleven });
 }

exercises/04_arrays.zig

@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ pub fn main() void {
     // Use the len property to get the length of the array:
     const length = some_primes.???;
 
-    std.debug.print("First: {}, Fourth: {}, Length: {}\n",
-        .{first, fourth, length});
+    std.debug.print("First: {}, Fourth: {}, Length: {}\n", .{
+        first, fourth, length,
+    });
 }

exercises/06_strings.zig

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 //
 // Now that we've learned about arrays, we can talk about strings.
-// 
+//
 // We've already seen Zig string literals: "Hello world.\n"
 //
 // Zig stores strings as arrays of bytes.
@@ -33,8 +33,7 @@ pub fn main() void {
     const major_tom = major ??? tom;
 
     // That's all the problems. Let's see our results:
-    std.debug.print("d={u} {s}{s}\n",.{d, laugh, major_tom});
-    //
+    std.debug.print("d={u} {s}{s}\n", .{ d, laugh, major_tom });
     // Keen eyes will notice that we've put 'u' and 's' inside the '{}'
     // placeholders in the format string above. This tells the
     // print() function to format the values as a UTF-8 character and

exercises/07_strings2.zig

@@ -8,17 +8,17 @@
 //         \\Line One
 //         \\Line Two
 //     ;
-// 
+//
 // See if you can make this program print some song lyrics.
 //
 const std = @import("std");
 
 pub fn main() void {
-    const lyrics = 
+    const lyrics =
         Ziggy played guitar
         Jamming good with Andrew Kelley
         And the Spiders from Mars
     ;
 
-    std.debug.print("{s}\n",.{lyrics});
+    std.debug.print("{s}\n", .{lyrics});
 }

exercises/09_if.zig

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 //
 //     a == b   means "a equals b"
 //     a < b    means "a is less than b"
-//     a !=b    means "a does not equal b"
+//     a != b   means "a does not equal b"
 //
 // The important thing about Zig's "if" is that it *only* accepts
 // boolean values. It won't coerce numbers or other types of data

exercises/10_if2.zig

@@ -14,4 +14,3 @@ pub fn main() void {
 
     std.debug.print("With the discount, the price is ${}.\n", .{price});
 }
-

exercises/11_while.zig

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 //     a == b   means "a equals b"
 //     a < b    means "a is less than b"
 //     a > b    means "a is greater than b"
-//     a !=b    means "a does not equal b"
+//     a != b   means "a does not equal b"
 //
 const std = @import("std");
 
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ pub fn main() void {
     var n: u32 = 2;
 
     // Please use a condition that is true UNTIL "n" reaches 1024:
-    while ( ??? ){
+    while (???) {
         // Print the current number
         std.debug.print("{} ", .{n});
 

exercises/13_while3.zig

@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@
 //
 // Example:
 //
-//     while (condition) : (continue expression){
+//     while (condition) : (continue expression) {
 //
-//         if(other condition) continue;
+//         if (other condition) continue;
 //
 //     }
 //
@@ -21,11 +21,11 @@ pub fn main() void {
 
     // I want to print every number between 1 and 20 that is NOT
     // divisible by 3 or 5.
-    while (n <= 20) : (n+=1) {
+    while (n <= 20) : (n += 1) {
         // The '%' symbol is the "modulo" operator and it
         // returns the remainder after division.
-        if(n % 3 == 0) ???;
-        if(n % 5 == 0) ???;
+        if (n % 3 == 0) ???;
+        if (n % 5 == 0) ???;
         std.debug.print("{} ", .{n});
     }
 

exercises/14_while4.zig

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 //
 // You can force a loop to exit immediately with a "break" statement:
 //
-//     while (condition) : (continue expression){
+//     while (condition) : (continue expression) {
 //
-//         if(other condition) break;
+//         if (other condition) break;
 //
 //     }
 //
@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ pub fn main() void {
 
     // Oh dear! This while loop will go forever!?
     // Please fix this so the print statement below gives the desired output.
-    while (true) : (n+=1) {
-        if(???) ???;
+    while (true) : (n += 1) {
+        if (???) ???;
     }
 
     // Result: we want n=4

exercises/15_for.zig

@@ -16,13 +16,12 @@ pub fn main() void {
     std.debug.print("A Dramatic Story: ", .{});
 
     for (???) |???| {
-        if(scene == 'h') std.debug.print(":-)  ", .{});
-        if(scene == 's') std.debug.print(":-(  ", .{});
-        if(scene == 'n') std.debug.print(":-|  ", .{});
+        if (scene == 'h') std.debug.print(":-)  ", .{});
+        if (scene == 's') std.debug.print(":-(  ", .{});
+        if (scene == 'n') std.debug.print(":-|  ", .{});
     }
 
     std.debug.print("The End.\n", .{});
 }
-//
 // Note that "for" loops also work on things called "slices"
 // which we'll see later.

exercises/17_quiz2.zig

@@ -19,10 +19,10 @@ function main() void {
     ??? (i <= stop_at) : (i += 1) {
         if (i % 3 == 0) std.debug.print("Fizz", .{});
         if (i % 5 == 0) std.debug.print("Buzz", .{});
-        if ( !(i % 3 == 0) and !(i % 5 == 0) ) {
+        if (!(i % 3 == 0) and !(i % 5 == 0)) {
             std.debug.print("{}", .{???});
         }
         std.debug.print(", ", .{});
     }
-    std.debug.print("\n",.{});
+    std.debug.print("\n", .{});
 }

exercises/18_functions.zig

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 // writing one of our own:
 //
 //     fn foo(n: u8) u8 {
-//         return n+1;
+//         return n + 1;
 //     }
 //
 // The foo() function above takes a number "n" and returns a number that is
@@ -19,11 +19,10 @@ const std = @import("std");
 pub fn main() void {
     // The new function deepThought() should return the number 42. See below.
     const answer: u8 = deepThought();
-    
+
     std.debug.print("Answer to the Ultimate Question: {}\n", .{answer});
 }
 
-//
 // Please define the deepThought() function below.
 //
 // We're just missing a couple things. One thing we're NOT missing is the

exercises/19_functions2.zig

@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@
 // example that takes two parameters. As you can see, parameters
 // are declared just like any other types ("name": "type"):
 //
-//     fn myFunction( number: u8, is_lucky: bool ) {
+//     fn myFunction(number: u8, is_lucky: bool) {
 //         ...
 //     }
 //
-const std = @import( "std" );
+const std = @import("std");
 
 pub fn main() void {
     std.debug.print("Powers of two: {} {} {} {}\n", .{
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ pub fn main() void {
     });
 }
 
-//
 // Please give this function the correct input parameter(s).
 // You'll need to figure out the parameter name and type that we're
 // expecting. The output type has already been specified for you.

exercises/20_quiz3.zig

@@ -5,16 +5,15 @@
 //
 // Both of these are simply labeled "loop" below.
 //
-const std = @import( "std" );
+const std = @import("std");
 
 pub fn main() void {
-    const my_numbers = [4]u16{ 5,6,7,8 };
+    const my_numbers = [4]u16{ 5, 6, 7, 8 };
 
     printPowersOfTwo(my_numbers);
     std.debug.print("\n", .{});
 }
 
-//
 // You won't see this every day: a function that takes an array with
 // exactly four u16 numbers. This is not how you would normally pass
 // an array to a function. We'll learn about slices and pointers in
@@ -28,7 +27,6 @@ fn printPowersOfTwo(numbers: [4]u16) ??? {
     }
 }
 
-//
 // This function bears a striking resemblance to twoToThe() in the last
 // exercise. But don't be fooled! This one does the math without the aid
 // of the standard library!

exercises/21_errors.zig

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 // In Zig, an error is a value. Errors are named so we can identify
 // things that can go wrong. Errors are created in "error sets", which
 // are just a collection of named errors.
-// 
+//
 // We have the start of an error set, but we're missing the condition
 // "TooSmall". Please add it where needed!
 const MyNumberError = error{
@@ -16,13 +16,13 @@ const MyNumberError = error{
 const std = @import("std");
 
 pub fn main() void {
-    var nums = [_]u8{2,3,4,5,6};
+    var nums = [_]u8{ 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 };
 
     for (nums) |n| {
         std.debug.print("{}", .{n});
 
         const number_error = numberFail(n);
-        
+
         if (number_error == MyNumberError.TooBig) {
             std.debug.print(">4. ", .{});
         }
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ pub fn main() void {
 // Notice how this function can return any member of the MyNumberError
 // error set.
 fn numberFail(n: u8) MyNumberError {
-    if(n > 4) return MyNumberError.TooBig;
-    if(n < 4) return MyNumberError.TooSmall; // <---- this one is free!
+    if (n > 4) return MyNumberError.TooBig;
+    if (n < 4) return MyNumberError.TooSmall; // <---- this one is free!
     return MyNumberError.TooFour;
 }

exercises/22_errors2.zig

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 //
 const std = @import("std");
 
-const MyNumberError = error{ TooSmall };
+const MyNumberError = error{TooSmall};
 
 pub fn main() void {
     var my_number: ??? = 5;
@@ -27,4 +27,3 @@ pub fn main() void {
 
     std.debug.print("I compiled!", .{});
 }
-

exercises/23_errors3.zig

@@ -8,13 +8,13 @@
 //
 const std = @import("std");
 
-const MyNumberError = error{ TooSmall };
+const MyNumberError = error{TooSmall};
 
 pub fn main() void {
     var a: u32 = addTwenty(44) catch 22;
-    var b: u32 = addTwenty(4)  ???   22;
+    var b: u32 = addTwenty(4) ??? 22;
 
-    std.debug.print("a={}, b={}", .{a,b});
+    std.debug.print("a={}, b={}", .{ a, b });
 }
 
 // Please provide the return type from this function.

exercises/24_errors4.zig

@@ -23,9 +23,9 @@ pub fn main() void {
     // that makeJustRight() returns a error union (for now).
     var a: u32 = makeJustRight(44) catch 0;
     var b: u32 = makeJustRight(14) catch 0;
-    var c: u32 = makeJustRight(4)  catch 0;
+    var c: u32 = makeJustRight(4) catch 0;
 
-    std.debug.print("a={}, b={}, c={}", .{a,b,c});
+    std.debug.print("a={}, b={}, c={}", .{ a, b, c });
 }
 
 // In this silly example we've split the responsibility of making
@@ -37,7 +37,9 @@ pub fn main() void {
 //     detectProblems()  Returns the number or an error.
 //
 fn makeJustRight(n: u32) MyNumberError!u32 {
-    return fixTooBig(n) catch |err| { return err; };
+    return fixTooBig(n) catch |err| {
+        return err;
+    };
 }
 
 fn fixTooBig(n: u32) MyNumberError!u32 {
@@ -45,14 +47,14 @@ fn fixTooBig(n: u32) MyNumberError!u32 {
         if (err == MyNumberError.TooBig) {
             return 20;
         }
-        
+
         return err;
     };
 }
 
 fn fixTooSmall(n: u32) MyNumberError!u32 {
     // Oh dear, this is missing a lot! But don't worry, it's nearly
-    // identical to fixTooBig() above. 
+    // identical to fixTooBig() above.
     //
     // If we get a TooSmall error, we should return 10.
     // If we get any other error, we should return that error.
@@ -65,4 +67,3 @@ fn detectProblems(n: u32) MyNumberError!u32 {
     if (n > 20) return MyNumberError.TooBig;
     return n;
 }
-

exercises/25_errors5.zig

@@ -17,13 +17,12 @@ const MyNumberError = error{
 pub fn main() void {
     var a: u32 = addFive(44) catch 0;
     var b: u32 = addFive(14) catch 0;
-    var c: u32 = addFive(4)  catch 0;
+    var c: u32 = addFive(4) catch 0;
 
-    std.debug.print("a={}, b={}, c={}", .{a,b,c});
+    std.debug.print("a={}, b={}, c={}", .{ a, b, c });
 }
 
 fn addFive(n: u32) MyNumberError!u32 {
-    //
     // This function needs to return any error which might come back from detect().
     // Please use a "try" statement rather than a "catch".
     //
@@ -37,4 +36,3 @@ fn detect(n: u32) MyNumberError!u32 {
     if (n > 20) return MyNumberError.TooBig;
     return n;
 }
-

exercises/28_defer2.zig

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ pub fn main() void {
 
     for (animals) |a| printAnimal(a);
 
-    
     std.debug.print("done.\n", .{});
 }
 
@@ -21,9 +20,18 @@ fn printAnimal(animal: u8) void {
 
     std.debug.print(") ", .{}); // <---- how!?
 
-    if (animal == 'g'){ std.debug.print("Goat", .{}); return; }
-    if (animal == 'c'){ std.debug.print("Cat", .{}); return; }
-    if (animal == 'd'){ std.debug.print("Dog", .{}); return; }
+    if (animal == 'g') {
+        std.debug.print("Goat", .{});
+        return;
+    }
+    if (animal == 'c') {
+        std.debug.print("Cat", .{});
+        return;
+    }
+    if (animal == 'd') {
+        std.debug.print("Dog", .{});
+        return;
+    }
 
     std.debug.print("Unknown", .{});
 }

exercises/29_errdefer.zig

@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
 //
 const std = @import("std");
 
-//
 var counter: u32 = 0;
 
 const MyErr = error{ GetFail, IncFail };
@@ -25,8 +24,8 @@ pub fn main() void {
     var a: u32 = makeNumber() catch return;
     var b: u32 = makeNumber() catch return;
 
-    std.debug.print("Numbers: {}, {}\n", .{a,b});
-}    
+    std.debug.print("Numbers: {}, {}\n", .{ a, b });
+}
 
 fn makeNumber() MyErr!u32 {
     std.debug.print("Getting number...", .{});
@@ -35,7 +34,7 @@ fn makeNumber() MyErr!u32 {
     // function exits with an error:
     std.debug.print("failed!\n", .{});
 
-    var num = try getNumber();     // <-- This could fail!
+    var num = try getNumber(); // <-- This could fail!
 
     num = try increaseNumber(num); // <-- This could ALSO fail!
 
@@ -52,7 +51,7 @@ fn getNumber() MyErr!u32 {
 fn increaseNumber(n: u32) MyErr!u32 {
     // I fail after the first time you run me!
     if (counter > 0) return MyErr.IncFail;
-    
+
     // Sneaky, weird global stuff.
     counter += 1;
 

exercises/30_switch.zig

@@ -21,8 +21,6 @@
 //         alert();
 //         return GameError.TooManyPlayers;
 //     }
-//     
-//
 //
 const std = @import("std");
 
@@ -31,15 +29,15 @@ pub fn main() void {
 
     for (lang_chars) |c| {
         switch (c) {
-            1  => std.debug.print("A", .{}),
-            2  => std.debug.print("B", .{}),
-            3  => std.debug.print("C", .{}),
-            4  => std.debug.print("D", .{}),
-            5  => std.debug.print("E", .{}),
-            6  => std.debug.print("F", .{}),
-            7  => std.debug.print("G", .{}),
-            8  => std.debug.print("H", .{}),
-            9  => std.debug.print("I", .{}),
+            1 => std.debug.print("A", .{}),
+            2 => std.debug.print("B", .{}),
+            3 => std.debug.print("C", .{}),
+            4 => std.debug.print("D", .{}),
+            5 => std.debug.print("E", .{}),
+            6 => std.debug.print("F", .{}),
+            7 => std.debug.print("G", .{}),
+            8 => std.debug.print("H", .{}),
+            9 => std.debug.print("I", .{}),
             10 => std.debug.print("J", .{}),
             // ... we don't need everything in between ...
             25 => std.debug.print("Y", .{}),

exercises/31_switch2.zig

@@ -16,15 +16,15 @@ pub fn main() void {
 
     for (lang_chars) |c| {
         var real_char: u8 = switch (c) {
-            1  => 'A',
-            2  => 'B',
-            3  => 'C',
-            4  => 'D',
-            5  => 'E',
-            6  => 'F',
-            7  => 'G',
-            8  => 'H',
-            9  => 'I',
+            1 => 'A',
+            2 => 'B',
+            3 => 'C',
+            4 => 'D',
+            5 => 'E',
+            6 => 'F',
+            7 => 'G',
+            8 => 'H',
+            9 => 'I',
             10 => 'J',
             // ...
             25 => 'Y',

exercises/32_unreachable.zig

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 //
 // WE know there are only three operations but Zig doesn't. Use the
 // unreachable statement to make the switch complete. Or ELSE. :-)
-// 
+//
 const std = @import("std");
 
 pub fn main() void {
@@ -26,9 +26,15 @@ pub fn main() void {
 
     for (operations) |op| {
         switch (op) {
-            1  => { current_value += 1; },
-            2  => { current_value -= 1; },
-            3  => { current_value *= current_value; },
+            1 => {
+                current_value += 1;
+            },
+            2 => {
+                current_value -= 1;
+            },
+            3 => {
+                current_value *= current_value;
+            },
         }
 
         std.debug.print("{} ", .{current_value});

exercises/33_iferror.zig

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ const MyNumberError = error{
 const std = @import("std");
 
 pub fn main() void {
-    var nums = [_]u8{2,3,4,5,6};
+    var nums = [_]u8{ 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 };
 
     for (nums) |num| {
         std.debug.print("{}", .{num});
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ pub fn main() void {
         if (n) |value| {
             std.debug.print("=4. ", .{});
         } else |err| switch (err) {
-            MyNumberError.TooBig   => std.debug.print(">4. ", .{}),
+            MyNumberError.TooBig => std.debug.print(">4. ", .{}),
             // Please add a match for TooSmall here and have it print: "<4. "
         }
     }
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ pub fn main() void {
 // This time we'll have numberMaybeFail() return an error union rather
 // than a straight error.
 fn numberMaybeFail(n: u8) MyNumberError!u8 {
-    if(n > 4) return MyNumberError.TooBig;
-    if(n < 4) return MyNumberError.TooSmall;
+    if (n > 4) return MyNumberError.TooBig;
+    if (n < 4) return MyNumberError.TooSmall;
     return n;
 }

exercises/34_quiz4.zig

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 //
 const std = @import("std");
 
-const NumError = error{ IllegalNumber };
+const NumError = error{IllegalNumber};
 
 pub fn main() void {
     const stdout = std.io.getStdOut().writer();
@@ -19,6 +19,6 @@ pub fn main() void {
 
 // Just don't modify this function. It's "perfect" the way it is. :-)
 fn getNumber() NumError!u32 {
-    if( false ) return NumError.IllegalNumber;
+    if (false) return NumError.IllegalNumber;
     return 42;
 }

exercises/35_enums.zig

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 //   1. Having to remember op codes by number is no good.
 //   2. We had to use "unreachable" because Zig had no way of knowing
 //      how many valid op codes there were.
-// 
+//
 // An "enum" is a Zig construct that lets you give names to numeric
 // values and store them in a set. They look a lot like error sets:
 //
@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@
 //
 // Let's use an enum in place of the numbers we were using in the
 // previous version!
-// 
+//
 const std = @import("std");
 
 // Please complete the enum!
-const Ops = enum{ ??? };
+const Ops = enum { ??? };
 
 pub fn main() void {
     const operations = [_]Ops{
@@ -29,16 +29,22 @@ pub fn main() void {
         Ops.inc,
         Ops.pow,
         Ops.dec,
-        Ops.dec
+        Ops.dec,
     };
 
     var current_value: u32 = 0;
 
     for (operations) |op| {
         switch (op) {
-            Ops.inc  => { current_value += 1; },
-            Ops.dec  => { current_value -= 1; },
-            Ops.pow  => { current_value *= current_value; },
+            Ops.inc => {
+                current_value += 1;
+            },
+            Ops.dec => {
+                current_value -= 1;
+            },
+            Ops.pow => {
+                current_value *= current_value;
+            },
             // No "else" needed! Why is that?
         }
 

exercises/36_enums2.zig

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ const std = @import("std");
 
 // Zig lets us write integers in hexadecimal format:
 //
-//     0xf (is the value 15 in hex) 
+//     0xf (is the value 15 in hex)
 //
 // Web browsers let us specify colors using a hexadecimal
 // number where each byte represents the brightness of the
@@ -26,10 +26,10 @@ const std = @import("std");
 //     #RRGGBB
 //
 // Please define and use a pure blue value Color:
-const Color = enum(u32){
-    red   = 0xff0000,
+const Color = enum(u32) {
+    red = 0xff0000,
     green = 0x00ff00,
-    blue  = ???,
+    blue = ???,
 };
 
 pub fn main() void {
@@ -53,9 +53,9 @@ pub fn main() void {
         \\  <span style="color: #{x:0>6}">Green</span>
         \\  <span style="color: #{}">Blue</span>
         \\</p>
-        , .{
-             @enumToInt(Color.red),
-             @enumToInt(Color.green),
-             @enumToInt(???),         // Oops! We're missing something!
-           });
+    , .{
+        @enumToInt(Color.red),
+        @enumToInt(Color.green),
+        @enumToInt(???), // Oops! We're missing something!
+    });
 }

exercises/37_structs.zig

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 const std = @import("std");
 
 // We'll use an enum to specify the character class.
-const Class = enum{
+const Class = enum {
     wizard,
     thief,
     bard,
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ const Class = enum{
 
 // Please add a new property to this struct called "health" and make
 // it a u8 integer type.
-const Character = struct{
+const Character = struct {
     class: Class,
     gold: u32,
     experience: u32,
@@ -41,8 +41,8 @@ const Character = struct{
 pub fn main() void {
     // Please initialize Glorp with 100 health.
     var glorp_the_wise = Character{
-        .class      = Class.wizard,
-        .gold       = 20,
+        .class = Class.wizard,
+        .gold = 20,
         .experience = 10,
     };
 
@@ -54,6 +54,6 @@ pub fn main() void {
 
     std.debug.print("Your wizard has {} health and {} gold.", .{
         glorp_the_wise.health,
-        glorp_the_wise.gold
+        glorp_the_wise.gold,
     });
 }

exercises/38_structs2.zig

@@ -2,20 +2,20 @@
 // Grouping values in structs is not merely convenient. It also allows
 // us to treat the values as a single item when storing them, passing
 // them to functions, etc.
-// 
+//
 // This exercise demonstrates how we can store structs in an array and
 // how doing so lets us print them all (both) using a loop.
 //
 const std = @import("std");
 
-const Class = enum{
+const Class = enum {
     wizard,
     thief,
     bard,
     warrior,
 };
 
-const Character = struct{
+const Character = struct {
     class: Class,
     gold: u32,
     health: u8,
@@ -27,9 +27,9 @@ pub fn main() void {
 
     // Glorp the Wise
     chars[0] = Character{
-        .class      = Class.wizard,
-        .gold       = 20,
-        .health     = 100,
+        .class = Class.wizard,
+        .gold = 20,
+        .health = 100,
         .experience = 10,
     };
 
@@ -45,7 +45,8 @@ pub fn main() void {
 
     // Printing all RPG characters in a loop:
     for (chars) |c, num| {
-        std.debug.print("Character {} - G:{} H:{} XP:{}\n",
-                        .{num+1, c.gold, c.health, c.experience});
+        std.debug.print("Character {} - G:{} H:{} XP:{}\n", .{
+            num + 1, c.gold, c.health, c.experience,
+        });
     }
 }

exercises/39_pointers.zig

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 //
 //     var foo: u8 = 5;      // foo is 5
 //     var bar: *u8 = &foo;  // bar is a pointer
-// 
+//
 // What is a pointer? It's a reference to a value. In this example
 // bar is a reference to the memory space that current contains the
 // value 5.
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 //     &foo       a reference to foo
 //     bar        a pointer to the value at foo
 //     bar.*      the value 5 (the dereferenced value "at" bar)
-//     
+//
 // We'll see why pointers are useful in a moment. For now, see if you
 // can make this example work!
 //
@@ -32,5 +32,5 @@ pub fn main() void {
     // (See the "cheatsheet" above for ideas.)
     num2 = ???;
 
-    std.debug.print("num1: {}, num2: {}\n", .{num1, num2});
+    std.debug.print("num1: {}, num2: {}\n", .{ num1, num2 });
 }

exercises/40_pointers2.zig

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 //
 //     var foo: u8 = 5;
 //     const bar: u8 = 5;
-// 
+//
 // Then:
 //
 //     &foo is of type "*u8"
@@ -23,5 +23,5 @@ pub fn main() void {
     const a: u8 = 12;
     const b: *u8 = &a; // fix this!
 
-    std.debug.print("a: {}, b: {}\n", .{a, b.*});
+    std.debug.print("a: {}, b: {}\n", .{ a, b.* });
 }

exercises/41_pointers3.zig

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 //     var   p4: *u8 = &unlocked;
 //     const p5: *const u8 = &unlocked;
 //     var   p6: *const u8 = &unlocked;
-//      
+//
 // Here p3 and p4 can both be used to change the value they point to but
 // p3 cannot point at anything else.
 // What's interesting is that p5 and p6 act like p1 and p2, but point to
@@ -32,10 +32,10 @@ pub fn main() void {
     // Please define pointer "p" so that it can point to EITHER foo or
     // bar AND change the value it points to!
     ??? p: ??? = undefined;
-    
+
     p = &foo;
     p.* += 1;
     p = &bar;
     p.* += 1;
-    std.debug.print("foo={}, bar={}\n", .{foo, bar});
+    std.debug.print("foo={}, bar={}\n", .{ foo, bar });
 }

exercises/42_pointers4.zig

@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ pub fn main() void {
     makeFive(&num);
     std.debug.print("num: {}, ", .{num});
 
-
     // Now something interesting. Let's pass a reference to a
     // specific array value:
     makeFive(&more_nums[2]);

exercises/43_pointers5.zig

@@ -34,33 +34,32 @@
 //
 const std = @import("std");
 
-const Class = enum{
+const Class = enum {
     wizard,
     thief,
     bard,
     warrior,
 };
 
-const Character = struct{
+const Character = struct {
     class: Class,
     gold: u32,
-    health: u8 = 100, // <--- You can also fields a default value!
+    health: u8 = 100, // <--- You can also provide fields a default value!
     experience: u32,
 };
 
 pub fn main() void {
     var glorp = Character{
-        .class      = Class.wizard,
-        .gold       = 10,
+        .class = Class.wizard,
+        .gold = 10,
         .experience = 20,
     };
 
     // FIX ME!
     // Please pass our Character "glorp" to printCharacter():
-    printCharacter( ??? );
+    printCharacter(???);
 }
 
-
 // Note how this function's "c" parameter is a pointer to a Character struct.
 fn printCharacter(c: *Character) void {
 
@@ -68,9 +67,9 @@ fn printCharacter(c: *Character) void {
     // don't have to write the full enum name. Zig understands that ".wizard"
     // means "Class.wizard" when we switch on a Class enum value:
     const class_name = switch (c.class) {
-        .wizard  => "Wizard",
-        .thief   => "Thief",
-        .bard    => "Bard",
+        .wizard => "Wizard",
+        .thief => "Thief",
+        .bard => "Bard",
         .warrior => "Warrior",
     };
 

exercises/44_quiz5.zig

@@ -4,13 +4,13 @@
 //
 //     Are holding hands
 //     By holding tails."
-//     
+//
 //     from Holding Hands
 //       by Lenore M. Link
-// 
+//
 const std = @import("std"); // single quotes
 
-const Elephant = struct{
+const Elephant = struct {
     letter: u8,
     tail: *Elephant = undefined,
     visited: bool = false,

exercises/45_optionals.zig

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ pub fn main() void {
     // integer value from deepThought() OR the number 42:
     var answer: u8 = result;
 
-    std.debug.print("The Ultimate Answer: {}.\n",.{answer});
+    std.debug.print("The Ultimate Answer: {}.\n", .{answer});
 }
 
 fn deepThought() ?u8 {
@@ -39,7 +39,6 @@ fn deepThought() ?u8 {
     // But we'll leave this as-is. Sorry Deep Thought.
     return null;
 }
-//
 // Blast from the past:
 //
 // Optionals are a lot like error union types which can either

patches/patches/03_assignment.patch

@@ -1 +1,12 @@
-
+37c37
+<     const n: u8 = 50;
+---
+>     var n: u8 = 50;
+40c40
+<     const pi: u8 = 314159;
+---
+>     const pi: u32 = 314159;
+42c42
+<     const negative_eleven: u8 = -11;
+---
+>     const negative_eleven: i8 = -11;

patches/patches/04_arrays.patch

@@ -1 +1,12 @@
-
+30c30
+<     const some_primes = [_]u8{ 1, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19 };
+---
+>     var some_primes = [_]u8{ 1, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19 };
+43c43
+<     const fourth = some_primes[???];
+---
+>     const fourth = some_primes[3];
+47c47
+<     const length = some_primes.???;
+---
+>     const length = some_primes.len;

patches/patches/05_arrays2.patch

@@ -1 +1,8 @@
-
+23c23
+<     const leet = ???;
+---
+>     const leet = le ++ et;
+28c28
+<     const bit_pattern = [_]u8{ ??? } ** 3;
+---
+>     const bit_pattern = [_]u8{ 1, 0, 0, 1 } ** 3;

patches/patches/06_strings.patch

@@ -1 +1,12 @@
-
+22c22
+<     const d: u8 = ziggy[???];
+---
+>     const d: u8 = ziggy[4];
+26c26
+<     const laugh = "ha " ???;
+---
+>     const laugh = "ha " ** 3;
+33c33
+<     const major_tom = major ??? tom;
+---
+>     const major_tom = major ++ " " ++ tom;

patches/patches/07_strings2.patch

@@ -1 +1,8 @@
-
+18,20c18,20
+<         Ziggy played guitar
+<         Jamming good with Andrew Kelley
+<         And the Spiders from Mars
+---
+>         \\Ziggy played guitar
+>         \\Jamming good with Andrew Kelley
+>         \\And the Spiders from Mars

patches/patches/08_quiz.patch

@@ -1 +1,14 @@
-
+16c16
+<     const x: u8 = 1;
+---
+>     var x: u8 = 1;
+27c27
+<     lang[???] = letters[x];
+---
+>     lang[1] = letters[x];
+29,30c29,30
+<     x = ???;
+<     lang[2] = letters[???];
+---
+>     x = 5;
+>     lang[2] = letters[x];

patches/patches/09_if.patch

@@ -1 +1,4 @@
-
+26c26
+<     if (foo) {
+---
+>     if (foo == 1) {

patches/patches/10_if2.patch

@@ -1 +1,4 @@
-
+13c13
+<     var price: u8 = if ???;
+---
+>     var price: u8 = if (discount) 17 else 20;

patches/patches/11_while.patch

@@ -1 +1,4 @@
-
+24c24
+<     while (???) {
+---
+>     while (n < 1024) {

patches/patches/12_while2.patch

@@ -1 +1,4 @@
-
+28c28
+<     while (n < 1000) : ??? {
+---
+>     while (n < 1000) : (n *= 2) {

patches/patches/13_while3.patch

@@ -1 +1,6 @@
-
+27,28c27,28
+<         if (n % 3 == 0) ???;
+<         if (n % 5 == 0) ???;
+---
+>         if (n % 3 == 0) continue;
+>         if (n % 5 == 0) continue;

patches/patches/14_while4.patch

@@ -1 +1,4 @@
-
+21c21
+<         if (???) ???;
+---
+>         if (n == 4) break;

patches/patches/15_for.patch

@@ -1 +1,4 @@
-
+18c18
+<     for (???) |???| {
+---
+>     for (story) |scene| {

patches/patches/16_for2.patch

@@ -1 +1,4 @@
-
+27c27
+<     for (bits) |bit, ???| {
+---
+>     for (bits) |bit, i| {

patches/patches/17_quiz2.patch

@@ -1 +1,16 @@
-
+12c12
+< const std = import standard library;
+---
+> const std = @import("std");
+14c14
+< function main() void {
+---
+> pub fn main() void {
+19c19
+<     ??? (i <= stop_at) : (i += 1) {
+---
+>     while (i <= stop_at) : (i += 1) {
+23c23
+<             std.debug.print("{}", .{???});
+---
+>             std.debug.print("{}", .{i});

patches/patches/18_functions.patch

@@ -1 +1,4 @@
-
+31c31
+< ??? deepThought() ??? {
+---
+> fn deepThought() u8 {

patches/patches/19_functions2.patch

@@ -1 +1,4 @@
-
+25c25
+< fn twoToThe(???) u32 {
+---
+> fn twoToThe(my_number: u32) u32 {

patches/patches/20_quiz3.patch

@@ -1 +1,18 @@
-
+24,25c24,25
+< fn printPowersOfTwo(numbers: [4]u16) ??? {
+<     loop (numbers) |n| {
+---
+> fn printPowersOfTwo(numbers: [4]u16) void {
+>     for (numbers) |n| {
+34c34
+< fn twoToThe(number: u16) ??? {
+---
+> fn twoToThe(number: u16) u16 {
+38c38
+<     loop (n < number) : (n += 1) {
+---
+>     while (n < number) : (n += 1) {
+42c42
+<     return ???;
+---
+>     return total;

patches/patches/21_errors.patch

@@ -1 +1,8 @@
-
+12c12
+<     ???,
+---
+>     TooSmall,
+29c29
+<         if (???) {
+---
+>         if (number_error == MyNumberError.TooSmall) {

patches/patches/22_errors2.patch

@@ -1 +1,4 @@
-
+22c22
+<     var my_number: ??? = 5;
+---
+>     var my_number: MyNumberError!u8 = 5;

patches/patches/23_errors3.patch

@@ -1 +1,8 @@
-
+15c15
+<     var b: u32 = addTwenty(4) ??? 22;
+---
+>     var b: u32 = addTwenty(4) catch 22;
+22c22
+< fn addTwenty(n: u32) ??? {
+---
+> fn addTwenty(n: u32) MyNumberError!u32 {

patches/patches/24_errors4.patch

@@ -1 +1,10 @@
-
+62c62,68
+<     return detectProblems(n) ??? 
+---
+>     return detectProblems(n) catch |err| {
+>         if (err == MyNumberError.TooSmall) {
+>             return 10;
+>         }
+> 
+>         return err;
+>     };

patches/patches/25_errors5.patch

@@ -1 +1,4 @@
-
+29c29
+<     var x = detect(n);
+---
+>     var x = try detect(n);

patches/patches/26_hello2.patch

@@ -1 +1,4 @@
-
+22c22
+<     stdout.print("Hello world!\n", .{});
+---
+>     try stdout.print("Hello world!\n", .{});

patches/patches/27_defer.patch

@@ -1 +1,4 @@
-
+23c23
+<     std.debug.print("Two\n", .{});
+---
+>     defer std.debug.print("Two\n", .{});

patches/patches/28_defer2.patch

@@ -1 +1,4 @@
-
+21c21
+<     std.debug.print(") ", .{}); // <---- how!?
+---
+>     defer std.debug.print(") ", .{}); // <---- how!?

patches/patches/29_errdefer.patch

@@ -1 +1,4 @@
-
+35c34
+<     std.debug.print("failed!\n", .{});
+---
+>     errdefer std.debug.print("failed!\n", .{});

patches/patches/30_switch.patch

@@ -1 +1,2 @@
-
+48a49
+>             else => std.debug.print("?", .{}),

patches/patches/31_switch2.patch

@@ -1 +1,2 @@
-
+33a34
+>             else => '!',

patches/patches/32_unreachable.patch

@@ -1 +1,2 @@
-
+37a38
+>             else => unreachable,

patches/patches/33_iferror.patch

@@ -1 +1,2 @@
-
+36a37
+>             MyNumberError.TooSmall => std.debug.print("<4. ", .{}),

patches/patches/34_quiz4.patch

@@ -1 +1,8 @@
-
+12c12
+< pub fn main() void {
+---
+> pub fn main() !void {
+15c15
+<     const my_num: u32 = getNumber();
+---
+>     const my_num: u32 = try getNumber();

patches/patches/35_enums.patch

@@ -1 +1,4 @@
-
+23c23
+< const Ops = enum { ??? };
+---
+> const Ops = enum { dec, inc, pow };

patches/patches/36_enums2.patch

@@ -1 +1,12 @@
-
+32c32
+<     blue = ???,
+---
+>     blue = 0x0000ff,
+54c54
+<         \\  <span style="color: #{}">Blue</span>
+---
+>         \\  <span style="color: #{x:0>6}">Blue</span>
+59c59
+<         @enumToInt(???), // Oops! We're missing something!
+---
+>         @enumToInt(Color.blue), // Oops! We're missing something!

patches/patches/37_structs.patch

@@ -1 +1,4 @@
-
+38a39
+>     health: u8,
+46a48
+>         .health = 100,

patches/patches/38_structs2.patch

@@ -1 +1,7 @@
-
+44a45,50
+>     chars[1] = Character{
+>         .class = Class.bard,
+>         .gold = 10,
+>         .health = 100,
+>         .experience = 20,
+>     };

patches/patches/39_pointers.patch

@@ -1 +1,4 @@
-
+33c33
+<     num2 = ???;
+---
+>     num2 = num1_pointer.*;

patches/patches/40_pointers2.patch

@@ -1 +1,4 @@
-
+24c24
+<     const b: *u8 = &a; // fix this!
+---
+>     const b: *const u8 = &a; // fix this!

patches/patches/41_pointers3.patch

@@ -1 +1,4 @@
-
+34c34
+<     ??? p: ??? = undefined;
+---
+>     var p: *u8 = undefined;

patches/patches/42_pointers4.patch

@@ -1 +1,4 @@
-
+31c31
+<     ??? = 5; // fix me!
+---
+>     x.* = 5; // fix me!

patches/patches/43_pointers5.patch

@@ -1 +1,4 @@
-
+60c60
+<     printCharacter(???);
+---
+>     printCharacter(&glorp);

patches/patches/44_quiz5.patch

@@ -1 +1,4 @@
-
+21a22
+>     var elephantB = Elephant{ .letter = 'B' };
+27a29
+>     elephantB.tail = &elephantC;

patches/patches/45_optionals.patch

@@ -1 +1,4 @@
-
+32c32
+<     var answer: u8 = result;
+---
+>     var answer: u8 = result orelse 42;